The bulk is the higher dimensional space in which our four-dimensional spacetime is embedded. The concept of the bulk solves the so-called hierarchy problem in physics. The hierarchy problem asks why do the known forces vary so greatly in strength? For instance, the weak force is a trillion trillion times stronger than gravity.
In theories where our spacetime is embedded in the bulk the difference in strength between the fundamental forces can be explained by their different interactions with a brane (a spacetime, short for membrane). Electromagnetism, the nuclear strong force and the weak force are short range forces confined to a brane. But gravity is a long-range force and is weaker than the other forces because it is not confined to a brane but “leaks” into the bulk. As far as is known it is the only such force that behaves that way . . .
Source:
Sci-pedia - The Online Resource for Science - The Bulk
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